簡介
荷蘭ICS（Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology）是國際知名的社會學研究機構，以社會資本和社會網絡之相關理論與經驗研究著稱。國立政治大學社會學系擬邀請ICS的 Vincent Buskens and Beate Völker兩位傑出教授擔任講師，開授五天的《社會理論、信任、社會網絡與社會資本工作坊》課程。 課程第一部份介紹結構與行動的理論，並進一步討論鑲嵌與信任的社會機制。第二部份則環繞在社會資本理論經驗研究的應用上，探討交友、制度與合作等研究。本 工作坊目標是協助學員學習社會資本與社會網絡理論、研究問題設定、資料蒐集與社會網絡分析，與理論模型建構。
本工作坊的設計以授課與實際操作並重，希冀能給予學員完整與務實的學習經驗。
課程
8/13 (Thu)
Basic features of problem driven and systematic theory construction
研究大樓250103
8/14 (Fri )
Social embeddedness and trust
研究大樓250103
8/17(Mon)
Social capital
研究大樓250103
8/18(Tue)
Social capital
研究大樓250103
8/19(Wed)
Data collection and analysis
（早上）研究大樓250103
（下午）大勇樓 3樓，基礎數位實驗室
（下午）大勇樓 3樓，基礎數位實驗室
講師
Professor (by special appointment on behalf of the Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences), Department of Sociology, Member of the national board of the ICS, Utrecht University.
(Website)
(Website)
Beate Völker
Associate professor at Department of Sociology / ICS and Principal investigator in the program of Dynamics of Cooperation, Networks and Institutions.
(Website)
(Website)
Vincent Buskens
閱讀清單
Part I:
Basic features of problem-driven and systematic (deductive) theory construction,model building, and explanation in social science
Day 1, morning (Buskens)
Theory and explanation in social science – by way of examples
Required readings:
‧ Coleman, J.S. (1987) Microfoundations and Macrosocial Behavior, in: J.C. Alexander et al. (eds.), The Micro-Macro Link. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, pp.153-173.
‧ Lindenberg, S. (1992) The Method of Decreasing Abstraction, in: J.S. Coleman & T. Fararo (eds.), Rational Choice Theory: Advocacy and Critique, Newbury Park, CA:Sage, pp. 3-20.
‧ Schelling, Th.C. (1969) Models of Segregation, American Economic Review 59: 488-493.
Optional readings:
‧ Coleman, J.S. (1990) Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Belknap, chapter 1: Metatheory: Explanation in Social Science (pp. 1-23).
‧ Hedstrom, P. (2005) Dissecting the Social. On the Principles of Analytical Sociology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, chapters 1 and 2 (pp. 1-33).
‧ Hedstrom, P. & R. Swedberg (1998) Social Mechanisms: An Introductory Essay, in: P. Hedstrom & R. Swedberg (eds.), Social Mechanisms. An Analytical Approach to Social Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-31.
‧ Ultee, W.C. (2001) Problem Selection in the Social Sciences, in: N.J. Smelser & P.B. Baltes (eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, Volume 18, Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 12110-12117.
Part II:
Social embeddedness and trust
Day 1, afternoon (Buskens)
Social embeddedness and trust: theory
Required readings:
‧ Coleman, J.S. (1990) Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Belknap, chapter 5: Relations of Trust (pp. 91-116).
‧ Buskens, Vincent (1998). The Social Structure of Trust. Social Networks 20, 265-289.
‧ Buskens, V. & W. Raub (2002) Embedded Trust: Control and Learning, Advances in Group Processes 19: 167-202 (until vignette experiments).
Optional readings (the first paper presents an extensive review of the arguments and studies discussed in this part of the summer school; the other two papers are specifically for participants interested in game-theoretic analysis):
‧ Buskens, V. & W. Raub (2008). Rational Choice Research on Social Dilemmas. Forthcoming in R. Wittek, T.A.B. Snijders, and V. Nee. Handbook of Rational Choice Social Research. New York: Russell Sage.
‧ Raub, W. & J. Weesie (1990) Reputation and Efficiency in Social Interactions: An Example of Network Effects, American Journal of Sociology 96: 626-654.
‧ Buskens, Vincent (2003). Trust in Triads: Effects of Exit, Control, and Learning. Games and Economic Behavior 42: 235-252.
Day 2, morning (Buskens)
Social embeddedness and trust: experimental studies
Required readings:
‧ Buskens, Vincent, Werner Raub, and Joris van der Veer (2009). Trust and Triads: An Experimental Study (submitted for publication).
‧ Buskens, V. & J. Weesie (2000). An Experiment on the Effects of Embeddedness in Trust Situations: Buying a Used Car. Rationality and Society 12, 227-253.
‧ Buskens, V. & W. Raub (2002) Embedded Trust: Control and Learning, Advances in Group Processes 19: 167-202 (selections).
Optional readings (for participants with interest in additional experimental evidence):
‧ Barrera, D. & V. Buskens (2009). Third-Party Effects on Trust in an Embedded Investment Game. Forthcoming in K. Cook, C. Snijders, V. Buskens, and C. Cheshire. ETrust: Forming Relationships in the Online World. New York: Russell Sage.
‧ Bolton, G.E., E. Katok & A. Ockenfels (2004). How Effective Are Electronic Reputation Mechanisms? An Experimental Investigation. Management Science 50: 1587-1602.
‧ Rooks, G., W. Raub, R. Selten & F. Tazelaar (2000) How Inter-firm Co-operation depends on Social Embeddedness: A Vignette Study, Acta Sociologica 43: 123-137.
Day 2, afternoon (Buskens)
Social embeddedness and trust: survey applications
Required readings:
‧ Macaulay, S. (1963) Non-Contractual Relations in Business: A Preliminary Study, American Sociological Review 28: 55-67.
‧ Batenburg, R., W. Raub & C. Snijders (2003) Contacts and Contracts: Dyadic Embeddedness and the Contractual Behavior of Firms, Research in the Sociology of Organizations 20: 135-188.
‧ Raub, W. and V. Buskens (2008). Theory and Empirical Research in Analytical Sociology: The Case of Cooperation in Problematic Social Situations. Analyse & Kritik 30: 689-722.
Optional readings:
‧ Buskens, V., W. Raub & C. Snijders (2003) Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives on the Governance of Relations in Markets and Organizations, Research in the Sociology of Organizations 20: 1-18.
‧ Gulati, R. (1995) Does Familiarity Breed Trust? The Implications of Repeated Ties for Contractual Choice in Alliances, Academy of Management Journal 38: 85-112.
‧ Williamson, O.E. (1985) The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, New York: Free Press, chapter 3: The Governance of Contractual Relations (pp. 68-84).
Part III:
Social capital
Day 3, morning (Völker)
The research program of social capital theory
Required readings:
‧ Granovetter, M.S. (1973) The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78: 1360-1381.
‧ Willer, D. (1992) Predicting Power in Exchange Networks: a Brief History and Introduction to the Issues. Social Networks 14: 187-211.
‧ Coleman, J. (1990) Social Capital. Pp. 300-321 in J.S. Coleman, Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, MA: Belknap.
‧ Van Der Gaag, M. and T. Snijders (2004), Proposals for the Measurement of Individual Social Capital. Pp. 199–218 in H. Flap and B. Völker, Editors, Creation and Returns of Social Capital, Routledge, London.
Optional readings:
‧ Burt, R.S. (1984) Network Items and the General Social Survey. Social Networks 6: 293-339.
‧ Fischer, C. S. & S.J. Oliker (1983) A Research Note on Friendship, Gender and the Life Cycle. Social Forces 62: 124-133.
‧ Flap, H. (1999) Creation and Returns of Social Capital. A New Research Program. La Revue Tocqueville 20 (1999) 1- 22.
‧ Lin, N. & M. Dumin (1986) Access to Occupations Through Social Ties. Social Networks, 8: 365-385.
‧ Hollinger, F. & M. Haller (1990) Kinship and Social Networks in Modern Societies: a Cross-cultural Comparison among Seven Nations. European Sociological Review 6:103-124.
‧ Marsden, P.V. (1987) Core Discussion Networks of Americans. American Sociological Review 52: 122-131.
‧ McAllister, L. & C.S. Fischer (1978) A Procedure for Surveying Personal Networks. Sociological Methods and Research 7:131-148. Also published in: Burt, R. & M.J. Minor (eds.) (1982) Applied Network Analysis. A Methodological Introduction. Sage, Pp. 75-88.
‧ Van der Poel, G.M. (1993) Delineating Personal Support Networks. Social Networks 15: 49-70.
‧ Portes, A. (1998) Social Capital: its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology.Annual Review of Sociology 24: 1-24.
‧ Sandefur, R. & E.O. Laumann (1998) A Paradigm for Social Capital. Rationality and Society 10: 481-501.
‧ Flap, H. (2002) No Man is an Island. Pp. 384-432 in O. Favereau & E. Lazega (eds.), Conventions and Structures in Economic Organizations: Markets, Networks, and Hierarchies. Cheltenham: Edgar Elgar Publishers.
‧ Loury, G. (1977) A Dynamic Theory of Racial Income Differences. Pp. 153-188 in Phyllis A. Wallace & Annette M. LaMond (eds.), Women. Minorities, and Employment Discrimination. Lexington Books, Lexington.
‧ Burt, R.S. (1992) The Social Structure of Competition. Pp.8-49 in Structural Holes. The Social Structure of Competition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
‧ Bourdieu, P. (1981) Le Capital Social. Notes Provisoires. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales 31: 2-3.
‧ Bourdieu, P. (1973) Cultural Reproduction and Social Reproduction. Pp.71-112 in R. Brown (ed.), Knowledge, Education and Cultural Change. London: Tavistock.
Day 3, afternoon (Völker)
Creation of social capital: numbers and places - meeting chances and social settings
Required readings:
‧ Marsden, P.M. (1990) Network Diversity, Substructures, and Opportunities for Contact. In C. Calhoun, M.W. Meyer & W. Richard (eds.), Structures of Power and Constraint. CUP, Cambridge, pp. 397-410.
‧ Blum, T.C. (1985) Structural Constraints on Interpersonal Relations: a Test of Blau's Macrosociological Theory. American Journal of Sociology 91: 607-617.
‧ Feld, S.L.(1981) The Focused Organization of Social Ties. American Journal of Sociology, 86: 1015-1035.
‧ Völker, B., H. Flap & G. Mollenhorst (2009) Where Friends are Found. Friendship Patterns in Different Social Settings. Pp. 28-48 in R.M. Hsung, N. Lin & R. Breiger (eds) Contexts of Social Capital. Social Capital in Community, Markets and Organizations. London: Routledge.
Optional readings:
‧ McPherson, J.M., L. Smith-Lovin & J.M. Cook (2001). Birds of a feather: homophily in social networks, Annual Review of Sociology 27: 415-444.
‧ Kalmijn, M. & Flap H. (2001) Assortative Meeting and Mating: Unintended Consequences of Organized Settings for Partner Choices. Social Forces 79: 1289-1312.
‧ Burt, R.S. (2002) Bridge Decay. Social Networks 24: 1-28.
‧ Feld, S.L. (1984) The Structured Use of Personal Networks. Social Forces, 62: 640-652.
‧ Feld, S.L. (1982) Social Structural Determinants of Similarity Among Associates. American Sociological Review, 47: 797-801.
‧ Verbrugge, L.M. (1977) The Structure of Adult Friendship Choices. Social Forces, 56: 576-597.
Day 4, morning (Völker)
a) Returns of social capital: getting a job
Required readings:
‧ Flap, H. & E. Boxman (2001) Getting Started. The Effects of Social Capital on the Start of the Occupational Career. Pp.159-181 in N. Lin, K. Cook & R. Burt (eds.), Social Capital: Theory and Research. New York: Aldine & De Gruyter.
‧ Lin, N., J.C. Vaughn & W.M. Ensel (1981) Social Resources and Occupational Status Attainment. Social Forces, 59: 1163-1181.
‧ Lin, N. (2004) Job Search in Urban China. Gender, Network Chains and Embedded Resources. Pp. 145-177 in H. Flap & B. Völker (eds.), Creation and Returns of Social Capital: A new Research Program. Routledge. London.
Optional readings:
‧ Grieco, M. (1988) Social Networks: How They Work and Why They Are Used Pp. 39-50 in M. Grieco (ed.), Keeping it in the Family. Social Networks and Employment Chance. Tavistock Publications, London/New York, 1988.
‧ Lin, N. (1999) Social Networks and Status Attainment. Annual Review of Sociology 25: 467-487.
‧ Marsden, P.V. & E. H. Gorman (2001) Social Networks, Job Changes, and Recruitment. Pp. 467-502 in I. Berg & A.L. Kalleberg (eds.), Sourcebook of Labor Markets: Evolving Structures and Processes. New York: Kluwer.
‧ McLanahan, S. (1984) Family Structure and the Reproduction of Poverty. American Journal of Sociology 90: 873-901.
‧ Podolny, J. & J. Baron (1997) Resources and Relationships: Social Networks and Mobility in the Workplace. American Sociological Review 62: 673-693.
‧ Grieco, M. (1988) Vacancy Chains and Family Networks. Pp. 97-117 in M. Grieco (ed.), Keeping it in the Family. Social Networks and Employment Chance. Tavistock Publications, London/New York, 1988 (21 pp.)
b) Institutional conditioning of social capital
Required readings:
‧ Scheepers, P., M. Te Grotenhuis & J. Gelissen (2002) Welfare States and Dimensions of Social Capital. Cross-National Comparisons of Social Contacts in European Countries. European Societies 4: 185-207.
‧ Völker, B. & H. Flap (2001) Weak Ties as a Liability. The Case of East Germany, Rationality and Society 13: 397-428.
Optional readings:
‧ Gunnarson, L. & M. Cochran (1990) The Social Networks of Single Parents: Sweden and the United States. Pp. 105-116 in M. Cochran, D. Riley, L. Gunnarssen & M. Larner (1990) Extending Families: The Social Networks of Parents and Children. New York: Cambridge University Press.
‧ Völker, B. & H. Flap (1997) The Comrade's Belief: Intended and Unintended Consequences of Communism for Neighborhood Relations in the Former GDR. European Sociological Review 13: 241-265.
‧ Völker, B. & H. Flap (1995) The Effects of Institutional Transformation on Personal Networks. East Germany, Four Years Later, The Netherlands' Journal of Social Sciences 31: 87-110.
Day 4, afternoon:
Cooperation, conflict and fault lines. Micro and macro level social capital (Völker)
Required readings:
• Flap, H. (1997) The Conflicting Loyalties Theory, L'Année sociologique 47: 183-216.
• Nieuwbeerta, P. & H. Flap (2001) Personal Social Networks and Voting Behavior. Social Networks 22: 1-23.
• Putnam, R. E Pluribus Unum. Diversity and Community in the Twenty-first Century. The 2006 Johan Skytte Prize Lecture. Scandinavian Political Studies, V30, 2: 137-174.
• Gesthuizen, M., T. Van der Meer & P. Scheepers (2008) Ethnic Diversity and Social Capital in Europe. A Test of Putnam's Thesis in European Countries. Scandinavian Political Studies, 32: 121-142.
Optional reading:
• Burt, R.S. (2004) Structural Holes and Good Ideas. American Journal of Sociology, 110: 349-399.
• Krackhardt, D. (1999) The Ties that Torture: Simmelian Tie Analysis in Organizations. Research in Organizations 16: 183-210.
• Völker, B. & H. Flap (2001) When Are Neighborhoods Communities? Paper (26 pp.)
• Putnam, R. (2002) Social Capital. Measurement and Consequences. ISUMA. Canadian Journal of Policy Research 2: 41-51.
• Putnam, R. (1999) Bowling Alone. The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster
• Habayarimana, J., Humphreys, M. & Weinstein, J.M (2007) Why Does Ethnic Diversity Undermine Public Good Provision. American Political Science Review 101: 709-725.
• Hsung, R.M. and R. Breiger (2009) Position Generators, Affiliations and the Institutional Logics of Social Capital: A Study of Taiwan Firms and Individuals. Pp3-27 in R.M. Hsung, N. Lin & R. Breiger (eds.), Contexts of Social Capital. Social Networks in Markets, Communities and Families. Routlegde: London.
Part IV
Data collection and analysis
Day 5, afternoon (Buskens / Völker)
Descriptive and explanatory analyses
Required readings:
• Wasserman, S. and Faust, K. (1994) Social Network Analysis: Methods and Application. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (This is THE reference work on social network analysis; for the summer school in particular chapters 2, 5, and 6.4 are of interest).
• Marsden, P.V. (1987) Core Discussion Networks of Americans. American Sociological Review 52: 122-131.
•Krackhardt, D. (1987) Cognitive Social Structures. Social Networks 9: 109-134.
Otional Readings (DEPENDING ON THE SPECIFIC NETWORK MEASUREMENTS PARTICIPANTS WANT TO WORK WITH):
• Burt, R.S. (1984) Network Items and the General Social Survey. Social Networks 6:293-339. (Provides additional information on advantages and disadvantages of the GSS data collection method).
• Freeman, L.C. (1979) Centrality in Social Networks Conceptual Clarification. Social Networks 1: 215-139. (A classic article comparing several centrality measures.)
• Marsden, P. (2005) Recent Developments in Network Measurements. Pp 8-30 in P.J. Carrington, J. Scott & S. Wasserman (eds.), Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Snijders, T. (2005) Models for Longitudinal Network Data. Pp. 215-147 in P.J. Carrington, J. Scott & S. Wasserman (eds.), Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Marsden, P. V. & Campbell, K.E. (1984). Measuring Tie Strength. Social Forces, 63:482-501.
• McAllister, L. & C.S. Fischer (1978) A Procedure for Surveying Personal Networks.Sociological Methods and Research 7: 131-148.
• Van der Gaag, M.P.J. & T.A.B. Snijders (2005) The Resource Generator: Social capital quantification with concrete items. Social Networks 27: 1-27.
• Van der Gaag, M.P.J., T.A.B. Snijders & H.D. Flap (2008) Position Generator Measures and Their Relationship to Other Social Capital Measures. In N. Lin & B. Erickson (eds.), Social Capital: Advances in Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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